Ethereum L1 Sets New Record with Over 1.9 Million Daily Transactions in 2025

Ethereum L1 Hits 2025 Record with Over 1.9 Million Daily Transactions

Ethereum's Layer 1 (L1) network recently achieved an impressive milestone, processing a remarkable 1.91 million transactions in a single day, according to Etherscan's latest social media update. Alongside this achievement, transaction fees have remained low, averaging just $0.16. This indicates that the network is now capable of managing high traffic volumes without imposing excessive costs on regular users.

This significant improvement in transaction capacity and cost efficiency is the outcome of two major upgrades implemented in 2025: Pectra and Fusaka.

Key Highlights

Ethereum L1 processed 1.91 million transactions in one day.
Transaction fees are notably low at $0.16.
The upgrades Pectra and Fusaka have contributed to increased network capacity.
Fusaka has expanded block sizes by approximately 33%, allowing for more transactions.
A new feature, PeerDAS, enhances data verification efficiency.
Pectra optimizes interaction between Layer 2 networks and the main chain.
Despite advancements, Ethereum still faces issues with user access to Layer 2 funds.

Major Network Upgrades

The Fusaka upgrade, which launched earlier this month, is the primary driver behind this record-setting day. It has directly increased the capacity of the Ethereum L1 blockchain by enlarging the size of each block by almost 33%. This enhancement allows for significantly more transactions to fit within each block.

Previously, every node needed to download all transaction data, leading to congestion. With the introduction of PeerDAS in Fusaka, nodes can now verify "blobs"—large segments of transaction data—by sampling only small portions. Blobs were first introduced in the earlier Dencun update and serve as additional data storage that is inexpensive and does not interfere with normal transactions.

In addition to Fusaka, the Pectra upgrade in May set the stage for better scalability by refining how Layer 2 networks—like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base—connect with the Ethereum main chain. Pectra increased the number of these "sidecars" from 3 to 6 per block, effectively doubling the available space for Layer 2 data. This surplus has led to lower costs for Layer 2 solutions settling on Ethereum, maintaining a smooth and uncongested network.

Ongoing Challenges

Even with the notable success of the 2025 upgrades, Ethereum's scalability journey is far from complete. The ecosystem remains somewhat divided, making it difficult for users to access Layer 2 funds without navigating complex bridges. This fragmentation continues to be a significant hurdle. Additionally, the database containing all user accounts, balances, and smart contracts (known as the "State") keeps expanding. As it grows to terabytes or even petabytes, ordinary individuals may find it nearly impossible to obtain hard drives large enough to run a node.

In summary, while the Ethereum network has seen remarkable advancements in transaction capacity and cost reductions due to the Pectra and Fusaka upgrades, challenges like fragmentation and data size growth still need to be addressed to ensure a user-friendly experience for all participants in the blockchain ecosystem.